- The Bulgarian state ceased to exist as an independent political entity, and the population fell under Ottoman administration.
- Bulgarians lost their political rights, and the official Orthodox Christian religion was placed in a less favorable position compared to Islam.
- The cultural and religious identity of Bulgarians was preserved mainly through the efforts of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, which managed to maintain part of the nation’s cultural heritage.
- The population was subjected to heavy taxation, including the infamous ”devshirme” tax (blood tax), in which young boys were taken and turned into janissaries.